语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文集合10篇

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【篇一】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

时态

一、目标

本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。

要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。

二、重点及难点

八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。

三、方法

1．Do you know something about “tense”?

你知道“时态”是什么吗？

2．You are right. For example：

I"m working.我正在工作。

I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。

I will work.我将要工作。

How many tenses have you learned ?

你们学了几种时态？

3．Now let"s have a discussion on every tense.

现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。

I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?

我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？

4．What"s the form of the verb ?

谓语动词形式是什么样的？

5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?

Here"s a saying:

（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。

Can you learn it by heart ?

你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？

6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?

你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？

你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：

清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。

浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。

元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。

你能想出几个例子吗？

7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？

8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？

9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.

That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？

10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let"s come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？

11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？

那么用什么状语呢？

12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？

13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？

14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。

be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。

be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……

Can you make some sentences？

15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It"s usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？

16．Now let"s come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.

现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。

17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？

18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。

19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：

A．He has come for 3 hours.

B．The girl has waited since two years.

C．The old man has died for ten years.

D．I have bought the book for two months.

20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?

A．join the army

B．join the Party

C．come back

D．borrow a book

E．buy a book

F． leave

G．go out

H．die

I．open

J．begin

K． arrive

21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：

我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：

A．I have been a League member for 5 years.

B．It"s five years since I joined the League.

I joined the League 5 years ago.

I have been a League member since 5 years ago.

Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.

A．He has been here for 2 hours.

B．They"ve been away since 1960.

C．The film has been on for one hour.

22．Now let"s do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.

A．I ____ （lose）my pen.

She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.

B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.

I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.

C．The car ____ （stop）.

The car ____ （stop） just now.

D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?

B：Yes, I ____ .

A：When ____ you ____ it ?

B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.

23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.

have been to 意思是“去过”。

have gone to 意思是“去了”。

请翻译下列各句：

A．我去海南四次了。

B．他已经去南方了。

C．你去过东京吗？

D．小李已经去办公室了。

你可以去那儿找他。

E．你去哪儿了？

F．他去哪儿了？

24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？

25．Very good !Here"s a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.

e．g．He was a student in the past.

e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.

26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。

27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…

例如：

A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.

B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.

28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.

e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.

What were you doing while I was watching TV ?

Students

1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.

我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。

2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.

我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。

4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。

5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：

A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。

B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。

C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。

D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。

6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。

7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…

8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.

（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）

B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）

C．The train starts at ten o"clock in the morning.

（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）

9．Yes, I can. Here"s a sentence.

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.

因为动作是有规律地发生。

10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.

For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.

For example：

He is reading a book now.

We are learning BookⅡthis week.

11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。

12．

A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.

明天他要来看我。

B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。

13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.

它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。

14．Yes, I can.

A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.

我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。

B．The boys are to go to school next week.

这些男孩们下周要上学了。

C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.

我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。

15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。

我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。

16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。

A．We have cleaned the room now.

我们现在已经打扫了房间。

B．He has cleaned the room now.

他现在已经打扫了房间。

C．They have been here for 3 hours.

他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。

D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．

教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。

17．我想有两种含义：

一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。

另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。

18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。

19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。

B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”

C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。

D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。

20．Let me have a try．

join the army----serve in the army

join the Party----be a Party member

come back----be back

borrow a book----keep a book

buy a book----have a book

leave----be away

go out----be out

die----be dead

open----be open

begin----be on

arrive----be here

A．He has been here since two hours ago.

It"s two hours since he came.

He came here two hours ago.

B．They went away in 1960.

They have been away for 40 years.

It"s 40 years since they went away.

C．The film began an hour ago.

It"s one hour since the film began.

The film has been on since one hour ago.

21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.

It"s two hours since he came.

He came here two hours ago.

B．They went away in 1960.

They have been away for 40 years.

It"s 40 years since they went away.

C．The film began an hour ago.

It"s one hour since the film began.

The film has been on since an hour ago.

22．

A．have lost； lost

B．have been； went

C．has stopped； stopped

D．Have… had

have

did… have

had

23．

A．I have been to Hainan four times.

B．He has gone to the South.

C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?

D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.

E．Where have you been ?

F． Where has he gone ?

24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。

25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。

26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：

I said that I would go to that island.

“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。

可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：

I said that I had finished the composition.

said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。

27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。

老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？

四、精选题

选择填空：

1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]

----You can when you ____ a bit older.（"94）

A．get B．will get

C．are getting D．will have got

2．----I"m sorry to keep you waiting.（"94） [ ]

----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.

A．have been B．had been

C．was D．will be

3．I don"t really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（"94） [ ]

A．just help out

B．have just helped out

C．am just helping out

D．will just help out

4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]

A．has completed

B．completes

C．has been completed

D．is completed

5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（"97） [ ]

A．has worked

B．was working

C．had been working

D．had worked

6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]

----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（"97）

A．is hanging B．has hung

C．hangs D．hung

7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]

----But she ____ ！（"98）

A．has written B．wrote

C．had written D．was writing

8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don"t know whether she has finished it.（"98） [ ]

A．has written B．wrote

C．had written D．was writing

9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]

----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（"98）

A．painted

B．had painted

C．have been painting

D．have painted

10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（"99） [ ]

A．went down

B．will go down

C．has gone down

D．was going down

11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]

----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（"96海淀）

A．has left B．leaves

C．left D．was leaving

12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]

----Not yet. The papers ____ .（"96海淀）

A．are not correcting

B．have not corrected

C．are still being corrected

D．have already been corrected

13．----Why weren"t you at the meeting ? [ ]

----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（"99西城）

A．waited B．was waiting

C．had waited D．have been waited

14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（"99西城） [ ]

A．has rung; was

B．has been ringing; is

C．had rung; was

D．rang; has been

15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（"99西城） [ ]

A．was B．has been

C．were D．have been

16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]

----At 3：00 p．m．（"99西城）

A．do you meet

B．will you meet

C．would you meet

D．are you meeting

17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]

A．can break

B．could break

C．could have broken

D．could have been broken

18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]

----Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A．I"ve been told

B．I"ve told

C．I"m told

D．I told

19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]

----It"s 9568442．

A．didn"t B．couldn"t

C．don"t D．can"t

20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]

A．read; was falling

B．was reading; fell

C．was reading; was falling

D．read; fell

21．I don"t think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]

A．just stared

B．was just staring

C．has just stared

D．had just stared

22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]

---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A．Don"t you meet him yet

B．Hadn"t you met him yet

C．Didn"t you meet him yet

D．Haven"t you met him yet

用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1． I"m afraid I can"t get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）

2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）

3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle"s plane ____ . （land）

4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）

5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）

6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）

7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）

8．The little boy didn"t see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）

9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）

10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）

答案：

选择填空：

1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC

16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD

用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。

2．haven"t heard so far与现在完成时连用。

3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。

4．thought

5．have been discussing, haven"t reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。

6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。

7． is studying

8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。

9．won"t take

10．were enjoying, came

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇二】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

编号081010 姓名 付爱冬

I. 用适当的冠词填空：

1.When you’ve finished with _____ book, don’t forget to put it back on _____ shelf, will you ?

2.In my opinion, _____ life in ______ 21st century is much easier than it used to be.

3.It was not until we had stayed together for ______ couple of weeks that we had a lot in _____ common.

4.I think he is taking _____ active part in ______ social work. I agree with you in _____ way.

5. -Did Peter fix ______ computer himself ?

-He had it fixed, because he doesn’t know much about ______ computers.

II．用适当的冠词给下列短文填空：

Dear Peter,

I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my 1 advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are 2 few suggestions. First, it is important to take 3 Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from 4 teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read 5 books, 6 newspapers and 7 magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be 8 excellent idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember 9 Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you 10 lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write me in Chinese next time.

III．单句改错

1.It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us.

2.Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as good as the Olympic Games.

3.However, when John went back home, the tickets were still there. In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat.

4.I have made up my mind to spend the vacation far from home for first time in my life. My parents have agreed to visit me, and I will have a different vacation.

5.I had many wonderful experiences, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianjin.

6.Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decided to travel with their friends, while I chose to take part-time job to gain experience and earn some money.

7.The play tells humorous stories that happen in the Green’s family.

8.I like the color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.

9.There is reported to be the number of the wounded on both sides.

10.In case of the fire, please press the red button.

11.It is getting dark. Take a umbrella before you forget it.

12.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called a world wide wait because it can be very slow.

13.A book is the store that sells books.

14.Don’t you believe it! Glass can take place of the steel in many ways of life.

15.He began to learn English in his 1990s in Britain.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

I. 1. the; the 2.不填；the 3. a; 不填 4. an; 不填; a 5. the; 不填

II. 1. 不填 2. a 3. a 4. the 5. 不填 6.不填 7.不填 8. an 9. 不填 10. a

III. 1. 去掉the 2. history前加the 3. 去掉the 4. first前加the 5. party前加a 6. part-time前加a 7. 去掉Green’s前the 8. good前加a 9. the改成a 10. 去掉the 11. a 改成an

12. a改成the 13. the改成a 14. place前加the 15. his改成 the

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇三】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

语法讲解教案 宾语补足语

江苏省黄桥中学高一英语备课组

1. Firs let’s translate some phrases:

1)推选他做班长(队长,***,总统,国王)make(elect ,choose )him monitor(captain,chairman, president, King)

2）把每天锻炼作为一个规定 make it a rule to exercise every day

3）称这个地方为金三角call the place the GoldenTriangle

4）称它为古英语/不明飞行物call it Old English/ a UFO

5）觉得做某事是快乐的事feel / find / think it a pleasure/ fun to do sth

6）认为帮助别人是我的职责think it my duty to help others

7）认为撒谎是一种耻辱think it a shame to tell lies

8）把门漆成更鲜艳的颜色paint the door a brighter color

Summary: 名词作宾语补足语， 即： 主+谓+宾+宾补（名词），宾语和宾语补足语之间有一种逻辑上的主系表结构关系。能接这种宾语补足语的动词常见的有：

call / name / consider / believe / think / find / feel / imagine/ elect / make / choose etc.

Attention:

1) 当名词表示某人的职务、头衔时，作宾语补足语的名词前面通常不用冠词，如：

appoint him minister to a foreign country

2) 作宾语补足语的名词通常与宾语在数上保持一致。如：

make Joe his assistant / make Joe and Sue his assistants

3) 可用it作形式宾语

find / feel / think it +n find it my duty / fun / a pleasure to do sth.

2. Second , introduce other patterns.

S+ V+ O+ Object complement.(adj/ adv.)，其中的形容词可分为两类。一类形容词表示宾语所处的状态，如find sb open/ find sth rough; 还有一类形容词表示宾语的特征或心理状态，如：find sb disappointing, find sb interested in sth, find sb deeply moved

1） 证明他是错的 prove him (to be ) wrong 使我们保持暖和 keep us warm

2） 把衣服弄脏 get the clothes dirty 让门开着 keep / leave the door open

3） 认为最好你和我们在一起think it best for you to stay with us

4） 使某人不安 make sb uneasy 发现盒子是空的find the box empty

5） 觉得有必要说出真相feel / find it necessary to tell the truth

6） 使人发疯 drive sb mad/ crazy 祝愿人人无灾无难wish nobody ill

7） 发现她不在家find her out / not in 把某人留下leave sb behind

8） 发现新工作乏味find the new job boring 觉得这本书值得一读think the book worth reading

9） 把门漆成黄色paint the door yellow 发现他是一个令人失望的人find him disappointing

10） 觉得他对我的工作满意find him pleased with my work

Attention :

1).常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：

find/ feel / think / make / get / keep / consider / drive / prove / wish / paint etc.

有时副词也可作宾语补足语。如：

find him away from home / find him out / find him in / find him abroad

2).可用it 形式宾语

feel it necessary to make everything clear

3.非谓语动词作宾补 S + V + O + Object complement ( to do / doing / done )

A.不定式作宾补

常接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect / want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind /like sb (not )to do

1) 请他们来帮你ask them to help you 想要我早点儿到want me to come early

2) 盼望我们赢 expect us to win 吩咐仆人们打开窗子order his servants to open the windows

3) 喜欢他的太太穿着漂亮like his wife to dress well 告诉他不要迟到tell him not to come late

注意不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：

hear/ listen to / let / make / have / see / notice / watch / look at / catch sight of / observe ect.

让他写文章 have him write the article 注意到他进来并上了楼梯notice him come in and go upstairs

听见他播放CD hear him put on his CD 觉得房子晃动过 feel the house shake

Attention :

1) 动词原形作宾补，改为被动时，要加to，let 和have不用被动。be made to do / be listened to to do

2）注意一些固定句式中的不定式作主语补足语的时态形式。

He is said to study abroad soon.

He is said to have studied abroad, but I can’t remember which country he studied in .

He is said to be studying abroad, but I don’t know which country he is studying in .

Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer .

A .to have invented B .inventing C .to invent D .having invented

B．现在分词作宾补（强调动作正在进行或现在的状态）

1）看见飞船在窗外飞 see a spaceship flying out of the window

2）让我等了很久keep me waiting for long 3）发现他在桌旁工作find him working at the desk

4）闻到某物烧焦了smell sth burning 5）留下我在外面等着leave me waiting outside

6）看见银行在被抢see a bank being robbed

7. 看见雨披挂在门后面see the raincoat hanging behind the door

Summary :

1) 这类动词常见的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see / smell / watch / get / send etc.

2) 有些感官动词(see, hear, feel , watch )用动原作宾补表动作的全过程，用现分表示动作正在进行。

注意：有些动词的宾补形式不同，意义不同。如：

get sb to do sth. 让某人去做 get sb laughing/ talking / get the clock going 让某人------起来

(sb)send sb to do sth 派某人去做 (sth ) send sb doing 使某人------

The question sent me thinking deeply. The telephone sent him hurrying home.

C.过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾补表示宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：get/ have / make / hear / see / watch / notice etc.其中感官动词表示宾语被动接受某动作，如：get her three sons killed ,notice him knocked down by a car---而使役动词表示使或让某人做某事。如：get the car repaired / have the luggage weighed ---.注意不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意思。如：She found her wallet gone.

1.) He saw many trees cut (cut )down . They got their village surrounded (surround)with trees.

2.) He left the door unlocked (unlock)when he was away.

3.) They foreigner had to make himself understood (understand) by gestures.

4.) He often kept the door closed (close) when she left the room.

5.) Nobody noticed her wallet cut (cut) open. Don’t let the source of water polluted (polluted).

6.) Just now they saw the old houses pulled (pull) down.

1. 请人理发have one’s hair cut 2. 听人说意大利语 hear Italian spoken

3. 让眼睛闭着keep one’s eyes shut 4. 留下作品未完成 leave one’s works unfinished

5. 让我们得到水的供应 keep us supplied with water 6. 看到计划被执行see the plan carried out

7. 发现他坐在后面/ 他失踪了find him seated at the back / find him lost / missing

8. 使自己被明白 make oneself understood 让这个案件得到调查have the case looked into

9. 尽快把信寄出去have the letter posted as soon as possible

4.介词作宾补，如：

find sb in the hospital/ put one’s books in good order

find the trees in place / place her in a difficult situation / allow her into the room

bring sth under control

5.有时as引导的短语也作宾补

regard him as our best friend / recognize him as the best leader

6.注意介词with 的复合结构（即介词with+宾语+宾语补足语）

with the boy leading the way / with the water covering the surface of the earth

with the surface covered with water / with his son disappointing

with everything he needed bought / with two exams to worry about

with many problems to settle / with time going by

with the production up by 10%

1. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off.

A .to have stolen B .to be stealing C .to steal D .stealing

2. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______ went wrong again.

A .it B .it repaired C .repaired D .to be repaired

3.The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A .that B .it C .this D .him

4.With more forests _____________, huge quantities of good soil are being washed away.

A .is being destroyed B .is destroying C .are being destroyed D .being destroyed

5.You should understand the traffic by now. I have had it _______________ often enough.

A .explaining B .to explain C .explain D .explained

6.The flu is believed__________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A .causing B .being caused C .to be caused D .be have caused

7.The students expected ______ to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A .there B .it C .that D .one

8. When he returned years later, he found his hometown _____________completely.

A .to change B .change C .changing D .change

9.Peter wanted his TV ____ , but his wife would rather have it ____________.

A .fixed, thrown B .to be fixed, be thrown C .fixed, throwing D .fixing, throwing

10.With ______leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.

A .falling, burying B .fallen, buried C .fallen, burying D falling, buried

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇四】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

语法复习专题主谓一致

一、 考点聚焦

1、语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of students in our school_________1,700.

Mary and Kelly________ alike.

2、意义上一致

（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

The crowd ______ runing for their lives.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。

（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。

The news is very exciting.

形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。

3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

Eg.Either you or I________ mad.

4、应注意的若干问题

（1）名词作主语。

①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family_________going out for a trip.

The whole family _________ watching TV.

这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。

Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。

②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。

③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

A sheep ________over there. Some sheep________over there.

④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。 My uncle’s________not for from here.

常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：

Richardson’s_________a lot of old goods to sell.

⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。

Thirty years ________ passed. Five minutes _______enough to finish the task.

⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl in my class ________a dictionary.

⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student _____ seen the play.

Many a boy________ bought that kind of toy.

但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。

⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。

但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes ________ on the desk.

⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：

This kind of men _______dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort ________dangerous.

⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。

(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。

All of my students work hard. All of the oil _______gone.

(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

Between the two windows __________an oil painting.(hang)

（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。

①用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

Truth and honesty ________the best policy.

To love and to be loved _______the great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early _______a good habit.

A knife and fork_________ on the table.

②当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。

③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。

（3）代词作主语。

①名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) ________a great Party.

Your shoes ________ white, mine (= my shoes)_______ black.

②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。

Such ________our plan. Such _________ his last words.

③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

④疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It________Xiao Liu.

Who lives next door? It __________Wang and Li.

⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：

（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.

（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。

Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.

（4）分数、量词作主语。

①“分数或百分数 + 名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：

Lots of damage_________caused by flood.

A number of students ________ gone to the countryside.

A large quantity of people _________needed here.

Quantities of food (nuts) ________ still on the table.

②a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。

③表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

One and a half apples________ left on the table.(be)

④half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。

(5)名词化的形容词作主语。

如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。

（6）从句作主语。

①由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

What we need _________more money.

What we need__________ more people/teachers.

②在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。

This________one of the most interesting stories that ______been told by my father.

She_________the only one of the girls who_________late for class today.

（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。

There ______a book, two pens on the desk.

There ______two pens, a book on the desk.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.

-So do I .(上海 ) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped

解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。

2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.（NMET ）

A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were

解析：答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇五】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

编号 081010 姓名 付爱冬

1. Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again！

A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填

2. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and _____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.

A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a

3. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don"t think I"ve got ______energy.

A. a: 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the

4. It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.

A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the

5. Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.

A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a

6. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.

A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a

7. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.

A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a

8. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.

A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填

9. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.

A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

10.______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring ______ packed lunch.

A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填

11.Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______ whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the

12. -How about ______ Christmas evening party?

-I should say it was ______ success.

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

13.Polar bears live mostly on _____ sea ice, which they use as _____ platform for hunting seals.

A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填

14.Geogre wouldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.

A. 不填; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a

15. -Could you tell me the way to ______ Johnsons, please?

-Sorry, we don’t have ______ Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

1-5 CBDAD 6-10 CAACC 11-15 DBCCB

【篇六】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

从句讲解

定语从句

一。I 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。

（which / that在句中作宾语）

II. 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。

There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

III.判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。

I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.

（对） I"ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。

IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

V. 介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

二。定语从句应注意问题

I。that, which区别

关系代词that的几种情况。

1． 先行词为all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代词时。先行词被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代词修饰时。如： There is little that I can use． 几乎没有什么我能用的了。

All the books that you need are here． 你所需要的书都在这儿。

2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This is the first composition that he has written in English．这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。

4．先行词既有人又有物时。如：

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited． 他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。

5．主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：

Who is the man that is speaking over there？ 在那里说话的人是谁？

6．先行词被the only，the very， the last等修饰时。如：

This is the very gun that I am looking for． 这正是我在找的枪。

7． 关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：

He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago．他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。

关系代词which

（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时(不能放句首)

He can speak English fluently，which impressed me most.他的英语讲得很流利，给我留下了深刻印象。

（2） 介词后

This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years.这就是我居住了两年的房子。

（3）在非限制性定语从句中，即可指一个词，也可指整个句子。

She married again, which was unexpected.

I lost my watch, which is not found yet.

II。which, as 区别

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.

（2）the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

III。介词+关系代词

介词+whom（人）主，谓结构

介词+which（物）主，谓结构

（介词）+whose+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+形容词形物主代词+名词+主谓结构

（介词）+which+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+this或that +名词+主谓结构

He is the person to whom you can turn for help.

The pencil with which he was writing broke.

He is the man from whose house (=and from his house) the picture were stolen.

We traveled together to Paris, at which place(=and at this place) we parted company.

IV.分隔式定语从句

有些定语从句和现行词之间插入一个词组，短语或别的成分，叫做分隔式定语从句

He arrived Hangzhou in 1984, where he became manager 2 years later.

名词性从句

主语从句：应注意问题

1. 主语从句的语序

主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：

What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.

How he was successful is still a puzzle.

2. 连接词的选用

（1）that和what的选用

that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。

What he wants is a book. That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

（2）if和whether的选用

引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：

Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.

（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用

根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：

When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.

（4）whatever / whoever的功用

whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别

Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）

Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）

3. it构成的主语从句

（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。

It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.

需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：

It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，无逗号）

As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.

（定语从句，无that，有逗号）

（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构

It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…如：

It”s a pity that you missed the film.

你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。

It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important / possible…）that…

需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。

It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.

It is important that a student learn English well.

It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…）that…如：

It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。

It seems （happened / appears / doesn”t matter / makes no difference / …）that …

It seems that they will win the game.

看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。

It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.

他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。

4。主语从句连接词that不能省略 That he didn’t like her was obvious.

表语从句

定义：

A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。

The problem is puzzling.

主语 连系动词 形容词作表语

The problem is when we can get a pay rise.

主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句

B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,

whether,how.

He has become a teacher.=He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

She has remained there for an hour.=She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.

His suggestion is good.=His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

The question is confusing.=The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

why he cried yesterday.

how I can persuade her to join us in the party.

whether the enemy is marching towards us.

二 注意：

A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.

Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。

False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.

C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.

D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。

宾语从句 应注意问题

1. 引导词that的取舍

that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中 that常可省略。但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that一般不省略。

1）当由两个或两个以上的that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个以及以后从句中的that不宜省略。如：

He said（that）he couldn"t tell you right away and that you wouldn"t understand．

2）当动词think， make，feel，consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句时。

We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day．

3）当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧接that时。如：

He said that even if it rained，he would be able to come．

2．引导词whether和if的选用

二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用whether而不能用if。

1）在引导词后紧接or not时。如：

We didn"t know whether or not she was ready．比较We didn"t know whether／if she was ready or not．）

2）当用if易引起歧义时。如：

Please let me know whether you like it．（若该句用if，也可理解为：如果你喜欢它，请告诉我。）

3. 从句中谓语动词时态的选择

一般地说，当主句谓语动词使用的是过去的时态时，后面宾语从句中的时态要受主句时态的限制，用相应的过去时态。但若宾语从句所表示的是客观真理（规律）或人和物的经常性、习惯性以及阶段性的动作或事实时，则从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。这种情况下从句常用一般现在时。

When I was a boy，my teacher told me that the earth is round．

He told me he goes to the park every day．

4．从句中使用虚拟语气的场合

1）在表示建议（suggest），要求（demand，insist）和命令（order）等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“（should）＋动词原形”的形式来表示虚拟语气。如：

I suggest that we（should）have a rest now．

2）表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。如：

I wish I could fly．（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望）

I wish I had known it before．（用过去完成式表示过去未实现的愿望）

I wish you would stay a little longer．（用would或would ＋动词原形来表示将来的愿望）

5. 含宾语从句的疑难句型

1）I／We don"t think ＋宾语从句

这是一个常见的否定转移句型。使用时常把宾语从句中的否定词not移至主句中，即主句谓语用否定式而从句谓语则用肯定式。该结构常译为“我（我们）认为……不……”。如：

We don"t think there is anything of interest in your pictures． 2）疑问词（what，how，who等）＋do you think ＋其它句子成分

这是一个复杂特殊疑问句。它由一个一般疑问句（do you think）和一个特殊疑问句（疑问词＋其它句子成分）合并而成。如：

When do you think he will be back？你认为他会什么时候回来呢？

注：常用于上面两结构的主句动词除think外，还有believe，suppose，imagine等。

同位语从句

英语中有一些名词如fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought等，它们本身有一定的意义，但表达得不够具体。为了使其表达的意义更加具体明确，其后常跟有一个从句，用来补充说明该名词的内容，这个从句就叫做同位语从句。

The news that our team had won the match spread the whole country.

有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明的分词分开。

Word came that he died yesterday.

一、同位语从句的引导词。

1. 表示陈述意义时通常用that。注意that不能省略。例如：

The fact that he didn”t pass the college entrance examination disappointed his parents.

The king made a promise that he would make anyone rich if one could cure his illness.

2. 当名词doubt用在否定句中时，其后的同位语从句应用that引导；而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可以用其他词来引导。

I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself.

Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box.

3. 表示“是否”的意思时只能用whether，不能用if。这一点与主语从句相似。例如：

The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown.

4. 表示疑问时也可用其他引导词。例如：

This student asked a good question why pollution can”t be stopped.

二、同位语从句与其他从句的比较。

1. 同谓语从句与主语从句和宾语从句的比较。

两者作用不同，主语从句和宾语从句都是从句在主句当中充当主语和宾语；而同位语从句是一个跟在某一名词后并具体说明该名词内容的从句。例如：

（1）That the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.

（2）Everybody is excited to hear that the pop singer will come to this city.

（3）The news that the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.

以上三个句子中（1）（2）两句分别在主句中充当主语和宾语。（1）句划线部分为主语从句，（2）句为宾语从句，而（3）句中划线部分则是具体说明名词news内容，故为同位语从句。另外还须注意的是，that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省，而引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。

2. 同位语从句与定语从句的比较。

（1）词类不同

同位语从句的名词只能是前面提到的几个有限的、有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。

（2）性质不同

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对其前名词的解释，该名词与同位语从句的关系可以用“主系表”来表达。例如：

We have all heard the news that our team has won.

名词与其后的同位语从句可以表达为：

The news is that our team has won.

（3）引导词不完全相同。

有些引导词如：how, whether可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。what不可以引导定语从句，但却可以引导同位语从句。例如：

I have no idea what has happened to him.

引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语，（指物时还可用which代替），如果在从句中作宾语常可以省略。that在同位语从句中虽不充当任何句子成份，但不能省略，也不能用which来代替。例如：

The order that we should throw away our luggage was received yesterday.

The order （that）we received yesterday was that we should throw away our luggage.

通过比较可知：第句中的划线部分是对名词order的具体解释，that只起到连接作用，但不能省；第句中的划线部分是名词order的修饰语，that代指the order，在从句中充当宾语，因而在句中可以省略。

状语从句

Adverbial Clauses

状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。

1、时间状语从句

2、地点状语从句

3、原因状语从句

4、目的状语从句

5、结果状语从句

6、条件状语从句

7、方式状语从句

8、 让步状语从句

9、 比较状语从句

1、时间状语从句

种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明

时 when

whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.

当我进屋时，他正在写信。

We shall go there whenever we are free.

我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。

when指的是“某一具体的时间”。

whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。

间

状 when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.

我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。

语

while While it was raining, they went out.

天下雨的时候，他们出去了。

I stayed while he was away.

他不在的时候我在。 while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。

从

as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。

句 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.

先做学生，再做先生。 before译为在…之前

after He arrived after the game started.

比赛开始后，他到了。

till We waited till (until)he came back .

我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”

种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明

时 until She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .

她到11点钟才停止工作。

Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.

她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until

间

状

since

as soon as

Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。

As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。

语

从

句 hardly…when

no sooner…than

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.

我们刚到车站，火车就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。

every time, by the time, the moment

等 Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.

我每次乘船都晕船。

The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.

我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。

Next time you come ,you’ll see him.

下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。

地

点

状

语

从

句 where

wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

Where there is water there is life.

哪里有水，哪里就有生命。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.

无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。

原

因

状 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.

昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后

语

从

句 since Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首

种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明

原

因 as As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。

状

语

从

句 now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.

鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.

鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。

目

的

状

语

从

句 that

so that

in order that

lest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.

我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。

We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.

我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。

They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .

他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。

Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.

多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号

结

果

状 so that

so…that We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.

我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.

他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。

so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。

语

从

句 such…that He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。

It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.

It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.

这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强

种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明

条

件

状

语

从

句 if

unless

as/so long as

in case

so far as Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.

如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。

We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.

除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。

= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.

只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。

In case I forget, please remind me about it .

万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。

So far as I know, the book will be published next month.

据我所知，那本书下月出版。

unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。

条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。

方

式

状

语

从

句 as

as if…

as though Draw a cat as I taught you .

按照我教你的画一只猫。

Do as you are told.

按照人家告诉你做的去做。

She looks as if she is ill.

看上去她好象是生病了。

He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.

他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。

They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.

他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处as译为，按照或正如

as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。

让

步

状

语 though

although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.

虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。

We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.

虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。

从

句 even if

even though I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.

即使明天下雨，我也要去。 even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。

种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明

让

步

as Child as he is , he knows a lot .

虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。

Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.

虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用

though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。

状

语

从

no matter (who, what when, where which, how…) Do it no matter what others say.

不管别人怎么说,尽管干。

No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.

不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。

No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.

不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。 no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。

句 wh－ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however) Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.

无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。

Whoever comes, he will be welcome.

无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。

不可将no matter与wh-ever连用

比

较

状

语 as…as

not so/as

…as

the same

…as

such…as Mary is as old as my sister.

玛利和我姐姐一样大。

He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).

他不如杰克跑得那样快。

His book is the same as mine.

他的书和我的一样。

Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .

享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as

从

句 than She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.

她今年比去年进步更大。

He bought fewer books than I (did).

他买的书比我买的少。 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。

种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明

比

较

状

语

从

句 the more

…the more The more you read, the better you understand.

你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。

The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.

你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。

The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。

The sooner, the better.

越快越好。

The warmer, the better.

越暖和越好。 the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。

句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。

特

殊

形

式

的

状

语

从

句 that We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .

我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。

I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.

很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。

I am afraid that I can’t go with you.

恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇七】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

语法-----动词和动词短语

编号：081030 编者：管月敏

一. 单句改错：

1. She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to turn.

2. “Goodbye, then,” she said, without even looking down from her book.

3. He was grown up in the countryside, so he knows a lot about farmers.

4. If we can go over our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.

5. --- Have you got up with some new ideas?

--- Yeah. I’ll tell you later.

二. 用所给动词的适当短语填空：

1. give

1) You must finish your papers before 12:30, when they shall be _________.

2) He doesn’t only ____________ money; he spends his whole life in looking after the poor.

3) The gas _____________ an unpleasant smell.

4) Finally he was persuaded to ______________ smoking.

5) The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was __ on the radio yesterday.

2. get

1) Hardly could he ____________ this amount of work in such a short time.

2) It is going to rain. Can you ___________ the clothes for me?

3) It took me an hour to get intention _______ to her.

4) I am afraid I didn’t ___________ well with my studies.

5) ---The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.

---Don’t worry.We have already _____________ two thirds of it.

3. take

1) I won’t __________ much of your time.

2) When shall I __________ my new duties?

3) He has ___________ Spanish recently.

4) The young politician __________ the leadership of the party.

5) I will ___________ your number and ask him to call you back.

6) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026___________ at 18:20.

4. turn

1) ___________ the light before you go out.

2) A big wave ___________ the fishing boat. Luckily, no one was injured.

3) I needn’t have taken my umbrella, because it __________ to be a fine day.

4) To my delight, the key I lost __________ the other day.

5) Believe it or not, Tom is the right person you can __________ when you are in trouble.

6) He is very discouraging because every time he offers some help to her, it will be __________.

5. break

1) I was still sleeping when the fire __________ , and then it spread quickly.

2) The car __________ on the way again.

3) The young man was so impolite that he kept __________ with silly questions.

4) Their friends all wondered what ___________ their marriage?

5) The poor man had his house ____________ last night.

6. put

1) Never ___________ until tomorrow what you can do today.

2) ____________ your toys and let’s have dinner.

3) You’d better ___________ your coat before going out. It’s so cold outside.

4) The toy car was pulled down. Can you _____ it _____ again?

5) Mother __________ all the lights before going to bed.

7. go

1) --- Do you think that housing price will keep __________ in the years to come? Many people can’t afford it.

--- Sorry, I have no idea.

2) We were all tired out, so we couldn’t ___________.

3) Suddenly all the lights ___________, and it was all dark.

4) ---- Didn"t you have a good time at the party?

---- Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _________ so quickly.

5) The poor girl has __________ such a lot since her parents died.

6) ---Could I use your dictionary?

---Sure, __________.

7) Whoever __________ nature will be punished by it.

8. make

1) She has grown up and I can’t ______ her ______ any more.

2) Culturl exchange __________ better understanding.

3) Mother was skillfully _______ her coat ______ my skirt.

4) He says he will get up at six tomorrow morning, but he’ll never __________.

5) The group is ____________ 6 experts and 20 students.

9. come

1) Tell me how the accident ___________ last night.

2) I __________ an old friend of mine at the station yesterday.

3) It"s already 10 o"clock I wonder how it _______ that she is two hours late on such a short trip.

4) These customs have __________ to us through many a generation.

5) You have ____________ a good idea.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

Keys:

一. 1. turn 后加to 2. down---up 3. grown-brought 4. go-get 5. got-come

二. 1. given in; give away; gives off; given out

2. get through; get in; get …across; get on; get through

3. take up; take on; taken up; took over; take down; takes off

4. Turn off; turned over; turned out; turned up; turn to; turned down

5. broke out; broke down; breaking in; broke up; broken into

6. put off; Put away; put on; put…together; put out

7. going up; go on; went out; go by; gone through; go ahead; goes against

8. make…out; makes for; making into; make it; made up of

9. came about; came across; comes out; come down; come up with

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇八】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

语法复习：句子成分+常用句式

一、句子成分

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

练习一

1、用符号划出下列短文各句中的句子成分：

I hope you are very well. I"m fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I"m helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn"t often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

2、给下列文字加上标点符号。

During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring the crowd began to shout but the drunk didn"t realized the danger the bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap the bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk the crowd suddenly grew quiet the drunk however seemed quite sure of himself when the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass the crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed by this time however three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him for it looked on sympathetically(同情地) until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.

The answer: During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk didn"t realize the danger. The bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap. The bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside. even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically(同情地) until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.

二、常用句式

按句子的用途可分四种：

1） 陈述句（肯定、否定）

否定句型

一般否定句：（改为否定句）

He dares to tell the truth. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth.

He used to live in a quiet village. He used not to live in a quiet village.(He didn’t use to)

He has two brothers. He doesn’t have two brothers./He has not two brothers.

He has two pieces of bread for breakfast. He doesn’t have two pieces of bread for breakfast.

He has to copy other’s idea. He doesn’t have to copy others’ idea.

半否定句

We hardly/seldom/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.

I know little Spanish. I saw few people.

特指否定

I don’t think/believe/guess/suppose/imagine you are right.

部分否定

All the answers are not right

All is not gold that glitters

I don"t know all of them.

I can"t see everybody/everything.

Both of them are not right.

2) 疑问句型

反意疑问句及回答

He is a teacher, isn"t he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t

It isn’t that cheap, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t

You must have told lies yesterday at the court, didn’t you?

否定疑问句及回答

Haven’t the police found the murderer? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t

3).祈使句：

祈使句的反意疑问句及回答Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class; You, clean the kitchen today. Will you?

4）感叹句：

The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）How brightly the moon is shining!

按句子的结构可分三种

（一） 简单句

I、 主语+谓语：

It is raining now.

We"ve worked for 5 hours.

The meeting lasted half an hour.

Time flies.

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect.

1. 让我们立即行动起来. (act)

Let’s act at once/ immediately

2. 乌云低沉沉的,天下着大雪.(hang,)

Dark clouds hung overhead, and a heavy snow fell/ it snows heavily.

3. 恰好他身边有钱. (happen)

He happened to have some money with him.

4. 慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容. (appear)

Gradually a smile appeared on her face.

5. 背起书包我急忙赶到学校. (hurry)

I hurried to the school with my schoolbag.

6. 他满面笑容. (smile)

He is smiling all over his face. OR: He wears a smile on his face.

7. 我英文学得不错. (do)

I did well in English.

II.主语+系动词+表语：

常见的系动词有： be, look, feel, prove, sound, taste, smell, seems, appear, stay, keep, go, come, get, turn, become, remain等。

1. 从自行车上掉下来, 他受了伤. (get)

He fell of his bike and got hurt.

2. 他提的意见证明是正确的. (prove)

His advice proved (to be) right.

3. 商店开到八点. (stay)

The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.

4. 机器出了毛病. (go)

The machine went wrong.

5. 这些努力似乎全都白费了. (seem)

All these efforts seem in vain

6. 这话听起来有道理. (sound)

These words sound reasonable.

7. 房里一会儿就挤满了人. (become)

The room soon became crowded.

III、主语+谓语+宾语： 可分为以下几种情况：

⑴ 主语+谓语+宾语

⑵ 主语+谓语+宾语(人+物)

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。

⑶ 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

1. 祝一路平安.

Wish you a pleasant journey.

2. 你让我等了三个钟头。

You keep me waiting for three hours.

3. 他捡起了香蕉皮扔到了垃圾箱里。

He picked up the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin.

4. 给我几分钟考虑一下。

Give me a few minutes to think.

5. 我去开门。

I’ll go and answer the door.

IV. “There be” 的句型（即 there be +主语+地点/时间状语），其中be 动词可以有各种时态变化，可替代的词有：used to be, seems to be, happen to be, live, stand, lie, sit, come, seem, exist.

There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.

There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

There came a shout for “help”.

There must have been a village here.

1. 最近几年,这个村庄发生了巨大的变化. (be)

Recently there have been great changes in this village.

2. 恰好河上有座桥. (happen)

There happens to be a bridge over the river.

3. 过去这条河上有座桥. (used to)

There used to be a river over the river.

4. 他的回答应该没有什么可怀疑的。（should）

There should be nothing doubtful.

5．山顶上有一个塔. (stand)

There stands a tower on top of the hill.

6．十字路口处站着一个警察. (stand)

There stands a policeman at the crossing.

（二） 并列句

1、 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

2、 表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。

3、 表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。

4、 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

（三） 复合句

综合填空：

1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.

A. and B. or C. if D. so

2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?

A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it

3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!

A. How B. What C. What a D. What an

4. Let us pass, ____?

A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you

5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?

A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he

6. You had better not smoke here, ____?

A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you

7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.

A. then B. but C. and D. or

8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.

A. and B. but C. so D. because

9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.

A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry

10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.

A. or B. for C. while D. so

11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?

---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so

12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”

A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high

13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he? ---- ____.

A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is

14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!

A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is

15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.

A. or B. so C. for D. yet

16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made

17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.

A. but B. and C. or D. yet

18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.

---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.

A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me

19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.

A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he

20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.

A. since B. but C. because D. so

21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn

22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.

A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but

23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.

A. and B. so C. as D. but

24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.

A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived

26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed

27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom B. where C. which D. while

28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.

A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you

30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch

31. Excuse me for breaking in,_____ I have some good news for you.

A. so B. and C. but D. yet

32. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

33. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _______?

A. had you B. hadn"t you C. did you D. didn"t you

34. ______ some of this juice--perhaps you"ll like it.

A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried

35. One more week, _________ we will accomplish the task.

A. or B. so that C. and D. if

36. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____?

A. didn"t they B. don"t they C. mustn"t they D. haven"t they

37. Be sure to write to us,______?

A. will you B. aren"t you C. can you D. mustn"t you

38. ______from Beijing to London!

A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is

39. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ________?

A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you

40. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising TV is illegal, ______?

A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he

41. There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: ______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.

A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go

42. ________ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.

A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going

1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD

31-35 CBDBC 36-40 D ADBA 41-42DA

责任编辑：李芳芳

【篇九】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

中学语法大全 代词

目录

人称代词的用法 2

人称代词之主、宾格的替换 2

代词的指代问题 3

并列人称代词的排列顺序 3

物主代词 4

双重所有格 4

反身代词 4

相互代词 5

指示代词 6

疑问代词 7

关系代词 8

every, no, all, both,... 9

none, few, some, any,... 10

代词比较辩异one, that和it 11

one/another/the other 11

“the”的妙用 12

anyone/any one;... 12

both, either, neither,... 13

many, much 14

few, little, a few,... 14

人称代词的用法

1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：

John waited a while but eventually he went home.

约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.

约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。

说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.

约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语）

a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？

b. -- Me. --我。（me作主语补语= It"s me.）

说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

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人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。

---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。

---- Me too. --我也喜欢。

---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?

---- Not me. --我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。

b. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

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代词的指代问题

1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。

Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来，是吗?

2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。

Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。

3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。

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并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：

第二人称 －> 第三人称 －> 第一人称

you －> he/she; it -> I

You, he and I should return on time.

2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：

第一人称 －> 第二人称 －> 第三人称

we －> you －> They

注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，

It was I and John that made her angry.

是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

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物主代词

1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --"s属格结构，例如：

Jack"s cap 意为 The cap is Jack"s.

His cap 意为 The cap is his.

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语，例如：

May I use your pen? Yours works better.

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。

b. 作宾语，例如：

I love my motherland as much as you love yours.

我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c. 作介词宾语，例如：

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d. 作主语补语，例如：

The life I have is yours. It"s yours. It"s yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。

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双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。

公式为：

a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：

a friend of mine.

each brother of his.

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反身代词

1） 列表

I you you she he

myself yourself yourselves herself himself

we they it one

ourselves themselves itself oneself

2）做宾语

a. 有些动词需有反身代词

absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。

b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词

take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.

I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。

Please sit down. 请坐。

3） 作表语； 同位语

be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。

The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

4） 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：

No one but myself (me) is hurt.

注意：

a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove the car.

(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。

b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself saw it.

5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。

You should be proud of yourself. 你应为自己感到骄傲。

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相互代词

1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2） 相互代词的句法功能：

a. 作动词宾语；

People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。

b. 可作介词宾语；

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：

He put all the books beside each other.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the books beside one another.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other.

这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-"s构成所有格，例如：

The students borrowed each other"s notes.

学生们互借笔记。

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指示代词

1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：

单数 复数

限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my

teachers.

代词： This is Mary. Those are my

teachers.

2) 指示代词的句法功能；

a. 作主语

This is the way to do it.

这事儿就该这样做。

b. 作宾语

I like this better than that.

我喜欢这个甚至那个。

c. 作主语补语

My point is this.

我的观点就是如此。

d. 作介词宾语

I don"t say no to that.

我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that.

那并不可怕。

说明1：

指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：

(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）

(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）

(错)He is going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人）

(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)

说明2：

That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

(错) He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人）

(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）

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疑问代词

1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：

指 人： who, whom, whose

指 物： what

既可指人又可指物： which

2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较：

疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的？

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?

美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？

限定词： Whose books are these on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的？

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？

说明1：

无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：

Which girls do you like best?

你喜欢哪几个姑娘？

What girls do you like best?

你喜欢什么样的姑娘？

说明2：

Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m) did you meet on the street?

你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）

Who(m) are you taking the book to?

你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）

To whom did you speak on the campus?

你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）

说明3：

疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：

For what do most people live and work?

大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）

What are you looking for?

你在找什么？（现代英语）

说明4：

疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：

I can"t make out what he is driving at.

我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。

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关系代词

1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）

2） 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见下：

限定性 非限定性 限定性

指 人 指 物 指人或指物

主 格 who which that

宾 格 whom that that

属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如：

This is the pencil whose point is broken.

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。

（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）

3） 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：

He said he saw me there, which was a lie.

他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。

说明： 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：

I"ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

He"s changed. He"s not the man he was.

他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。

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every, no, all, both,...

1）不定代词有

all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2） 不定代词的功能与用法

a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。

I have no idea about it.

b. all 都，指三者以上。

all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。

All goes well. 一切进展得很好。

all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。

但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。

all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China， all the city， all my life， all the way

3) both 都，指两者。

a. both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。

b. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。

Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.

4) neither 两者都不

a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。

c. 可用于下列句型，避免重复。

She can"t sing，neither (can) he.

neither 与nor

d. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。

If you don"t do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。

e. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。

He can"t sing，nor dance，nor skate.

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none, few, some, any,...

一、 none 无

1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中，none可单独使用。

Are there any pictures on the wall? None.

2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。

It is none of your business.

二、few 一些，少数

few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。

三、some 一些

1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2) 当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）

You will be sorry for this some day.

总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。

A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.

某些人不同意你的看法。

注意：

(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。

(2)some用于其他句式中:

a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：

Would you like some coffee?

b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：

If you need some help，let me know.

c. some位于主语部分,

Some students haven"t been there before.

d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：

I haven"t heard from some of my old friends these years.

这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。

四、any 一些

1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。

五、one, ones 为复数形式

ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不

用ones。

Have you bought any rulers? Yes，I "ve bought some.

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代词比较辩异one, that和it

one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can"t find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)

我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)

你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can"t find my hat. I don" t know where I put it. ( 同一物)

我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

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one/another/the other

one… the other 只有两个

some… the others 有三个以上

one… another，another…

some… others，others…

others = other people/things

the others = the rest 剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用another。

2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。

4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。

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“the”的妙用

He is one of the students who help me.

He is the one of the students who helps me.

他是帮我的学生之一。

第一句定语从句与the students 一致。

第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

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anyone/any one;...

1．anyone 和 any one

anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。

2．no one 和none

a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。

b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。

None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?

---- No one.--没有。

3．every 和each

1) every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。

2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。

3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。

Every student has to take one.

Each boy has to take one.

Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。

5) every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。

6) every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。

Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。

Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。

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both, either, neither,...

这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。

1) both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。

Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。

2) both，either

both与复数连用，either与单数连用。

Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。

There are flowers on both sides of the street.

(两岸)

There are flowers on either side of the street.

(岸的两边)

路边长满了野花。

3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。

All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。

I don"t like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。

All of the students are there.

所有的学生都在那。

All (of) the milk is there.

所有的牛奶都在那。

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many, much

Many，much都意为“许多”， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。

How many people are there at the meeting?

How much time has we left?

Many of the workers were at the meeting.

Much of the time was spent on learning.

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few, little, a few,...

(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词

a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点

few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。

He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。

He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。

典型例题:

Although he "s wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

答案： A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。

固定搭配:

only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)

many a (=many)

Many books were sold.

Many a book was sold.

卖出了许多书。

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中学语法大全 倒装

目录

倒装句之全部倒装 17

倒装句之部分倒装 17

以否定词开头作部分倒装 18

so, either, nor作部分倒装 18

only在句首要倒装的情况 19

as, though引导的倒装句 19

其他部分倒装 19

倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.

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倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn"t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why can"t I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know C. didn"t man know D. did man know

答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

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以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game beganB. has the game begun

C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

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so, either, nor作部分倒装

表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won"t go, neither will I.

典型例题

---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

---I don"t know, _____.

A. nor don"t I care B. nor do I care C. I don"t care neither D. I don"t care also

答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don"t 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

---It"s raining hard. ---So it is.

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only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

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as, though引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意：

1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:

让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

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其他部分倒装

1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题：

1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn"t man know D. did man know

答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn"t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn"t realize D. I realize

答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don"t know, ___.

A. nor don"t I care B. nor do I care

C. I don"t care neither D. I don"t care also

解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

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中学语法大全 定语从句

目录

定语从句 22

关系代词引导的定语从句 22

关系副词引导的定语从句 22

判断关系代词与关系副词 23

限制性和非限制性定语从句 24

介词+关系词 24

as,which非限定性定语从句 25

先行词和关系词二合一 25

what/whatever/that... 26

关系代词that的用法 26

定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

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关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

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关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

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判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

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限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

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介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

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as, which非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法

例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

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先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

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what/whatever/that...

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

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关系代词that的用法

1）不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

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中学语法大全 动词不定式

目录

不定式作宾语 28

不定式作补语 28

不定式主语 30

It"s for sb/It"s of sb 30

不定式作表语 31

不定式作定语 31

不定式作状语 31

用作介词的to 32

省to 的动词不定式 32

动词不定式的否定式 33

不定式特殊句型too…to… 33

不定式特殊句型so as to 34

不定式特殊句型Why not 34

不定式的时态和语态 34

动名词与不定式 35

不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can"t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

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不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn"t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

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不定式主语

1） It"s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It"s so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It"s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It"s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

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It"s for sb/It"s of sb

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It"s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It"s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

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不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

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不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles to give light.

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不定式作状语

1）目的状语

To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

What have I said to make you angry.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

I"m glad to see you.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。

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用作介词的to

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，

be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

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省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, have, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4） would rather，had better：

5） Why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题

1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn"t have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

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动词不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）Tell him ___ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut

D. not shut

答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see

D. having not seen

答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver

C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eating

答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

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不定式特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I"m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。

It"s never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I"m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

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不定式特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

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不定式特殊句型Why not

“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”

例如：

Why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度假?

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不定式的时态和语态

时态语态 主动被动

一般式to do to be done

进行式to be doing

完成式to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I"ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I"m sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

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动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1 stop to dostop doing

2 forget to do forget doing

3 remember to do remember doing

4 regret to do regret doing

5 cease to do cease doing

6 try to do try doing

7 go on to do go on doing

8 afraid to do afraid doing

9 interested to do interested doing

10 mean to domean doing

11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

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中学语法大全 动词

目录

动词 37

系动词 38

什么是助动词 39

助动词be的用法 39

助动词have的用法 40

助动词do 的用法 40

助动词shall和will的用法 41

助动词should,would的用法 41

短语动词 42

非谓语动词 42

动词

1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。

说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：

We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 （having是实义动词。）

He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。

（has是助动词。）

3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：

She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）

4） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）

She wants to learn English well.

她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。

说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。

5) 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）

6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。

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系动词

系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明：

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.

他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

He fell off the ladder.

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

例如：

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

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什么是助动词

1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn"t like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn"t是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing. 他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don"t like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

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助动词be的用法

1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：

They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：

He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。

说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令，例如：

You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。

c. 征求意见，例如：

How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？

Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？

d. 表示相约、商定，例如：

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

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助动词have的用法

1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：

He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.

上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：

I have been studying English for ten years.

我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：

English has been taught in China for many years.

中国教英语已经多年。

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助动词do 的用法

1） 构成一般疑问句，例如：

Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？

Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？

2） do + not 构成否定句，例如：

I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。

He doesn"t like to study. 他不想学习。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句，例如：

Don"t go there. 不要去那里。

Don"t be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。

说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。

4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：

Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。

I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。

I do miss you. 我确实想你。

5） 用于倒装句，例如：

Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.

只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。

说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6） 用作代动词，例如：

---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗？

---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）

He knows how to drive a car, doesn"t he?

他知道如何开车，对吧？

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助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。

说明：

在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）

He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

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助动词should, would的用法

1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.

我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：

“What shall I do next week?” I asked.

“我下周干什么？”我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）

2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：

He said he would come. 他说他要来。

比较：

“I will go,” he said. 他说：“我要去那儿。”

变成间接引语，就成了：

He said he would come.

原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。

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短语动词

动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：

Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：

1） 动词+副词，如：black out；

2） 动词+介词，如：look into；

3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。

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非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1）不定式

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 to do to be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

2）动名词

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

3）分词

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词

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中学语法大全 动词的时态

目录

一般现在时的用法 45

一般过去时的用法 45

used to/be used to 46

一般将来时 47

be going to/will 47

be to和be going to 47

一般现在时表将来 48

用现在进行时表示将来 48

现在完成时 48

比较过去时与现在完成时 48

用于现?

【篇十】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文

语法-----名词性从句

编号：081016 姓名：李欣

定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1 引导名词性从句的连接词:

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接连词：that, whether, if , as if ,because不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词：when, where, how, why

2名词性从句分类：

A: 主语从句

连接连词：______,___________

连接代词：______, ____________, ______，___________, ______, _______,_______

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________.

That she was chosen made us very happy.

注意事项：

1）大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go.

It is still unknown which team will win the match

2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

It"s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… 有必要……

It is important that… 重要的是……

It is obvious that… 很明显……

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that… 人们相信……

It is known to all that… 从所周知……

It has been decided that… 已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常识

It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that… 事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…似乎……

It happens that…碰巧……

It occurred to me that… 我突然想起

注意:主语从句的主谓一致

When and where well go _______ decided. What we need ____ books/ __ water.

B: 宾语从句

连接连词：______, ____________, ___________,

连接代词：______, _____,_______, ______，______,________,.

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

I am glad that you are satisfied with your job

注意事项：

a. 时态与语序:

(T/F):1).Do you know where has he put the precious stone?

2).why did he do it wasn’t clear.

3).He told me that he had been born in 1956.

4).he said we’ll have a meeting this afternoon.

b. 形式宾语 it:

1).hate, like, appreciate depend on, see to, take

2).make, feel, consider, believe, think, find

c. if 与whether区别：

通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用if

1).It doesn’t matter she will come or not. 2).The problem is she will have enough time.

3)._____________ it is true remains a question.

4).She doubt ________ she will be successful .

5).The question ____________ it is right or wrong depends on situation.

6).We don’t know _____________ or not she was ready.

7).She hasn’t decided ____________ to go.

8).It all depends on _________ they will support us.

9).They are discussing _____ they will hold a party.

10).I don’t care ____you will come.

注意：动词suggest, advise, insist, prefer, request, require, demand, order, command,等词后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略

1).It was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them.

2).Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.

C: 表语从句

连接连词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

连接代词：______, ______,______, ______，_____,______,

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

注意: a. 由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。

b、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。

The point is whether we should lend him the money. It is because I have ever heard of the story.

*** The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.

I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.

c. what, which, who, whom, whose等连接代词及when, where, how, why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.

1).The problem is who we can get to replace her. 2).The question is how he did it.

3).That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

d. as if常与look, seem, sound等连系动词连用.

She looks as if she would cry.

e.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气,(should) +do。

My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.

D: 同位语从句

它一般跟在某些名词后 ，如: idea, news, word, hope, fact, promise, belief, doubt, fear, discovery, chance, possibility…

连接连词：______, ____________,

连接代词：______, ______,______, ______，_____,______,

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

We heard the news that our team had won the game.

The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

注意:同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。

1).同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等, 关联词多用从属连词that.

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

2).同位语从句意义完整, 应用_____;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用_________；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用______，________，______等词。

I have no idea __________ he’ll come or not.

The question _____ should do the work requires consideration.

3).表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.

4).同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

a. He has made a promise _____ he will come./… _____ he will stick to.

b. The suggestion _____ we should learn English well is very important for us.

The suggestion _____ Mr.Li gave us on how to Learn English is very important for us.

Practice:

一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：

1. China is no longer what it used to be.

2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.

3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.

4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.

5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.

6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.

7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.

8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.

9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?

10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.

二、用适当的连词填空：

1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.

2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.

3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.

4. ____________ we need is more time.

5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.

6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.

7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.

8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?

9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?

10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.

参考答案:一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句

二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

三. 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：

1.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.

2. Don’t ask about what the meeting is for

3. I heard it that he had gone abroad.

4. What surprised us is that he lost in the game.

5. Whatever he did is right

6. What he left us was a large sum of money.

7. They kept it quiet that he was dead.

8. Tell me why you don’t like school.

9. He had a feeling that she might not approve of the plan.

10. Whoever comes will be welcome.

11. He wasn’t sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.

12. The book is where you left it.

13. I took it for granted that you would stay with us.

14. We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.

15. When he will be back depends on the weather.

16. We are certain that this is true.

17. He accepted the fact that she would never come back.

18. Where we live doesn’t matter.

19. I have no doubt that you were telling the truth.

20. That is why he turned me down

21. I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.

22. The reason was that he didn’t work hard.

23. New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.

24. This is where you are wrong.

25. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.

26. That’s what makes him an excellent conductor.

27. She came to the conclusion that she must act at once

28.I appreciated it very much that he had done me a favor.

29. Our success depends on / upon how well we can cooperate with one another

30. Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.

四. 改错

1. It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.

2. All what is hard is to do good all one"s life and never do anything bad.

3. What the boy didn"t take medicine made his mother angry.

4. You can"t imagine how excited were they when they received these nice Christmas presents.

5. That we"ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

6. What he really means is what he disagrees with us.

7. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.

8. When we"ll finish translating the book depend on the time.

9. Where will the house be built will be discussed at tomorrow"s meeting.

10. If you come or not is up to you.

11. That is what he likes the place so much.

12. That is that Lu Xun once lived.

13. We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.

14. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.

15. Can you tell me who is that gentleman?

16. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

17. The energy is that makes the cells able to do their work.

18. Jack was soon told why he did was not necessary.

19. Is this what we met each other two years ago?

20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who he is.

21. I don"t care whether she has no money. I care if she is honest or not.

22. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe no matter what he says.

23. See to that the children don"t catch cold.

24. He, that is playing an important part, which is well-known to us all.

25. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed to be a long time, he came up again.

五. 根据汉语用英语完成句子

1. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______was true.

他偷了一部自行车是真的。

2. The important thing is _______ _______ _______ , but not_______ _______ _______.

重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。

3. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ has not been found.

他出生在何时何地还不知道。

4. The problem is _______ _______ ________ ________ to the little boy.

问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。

5. She insisted ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ the countryside.

她坚持不被派到农村去。

6. I don’t care about _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.

我并不在意你是否有钱。

7. He has made _______ _______ _______ he will not give in.

他清楚地表明他不会屈服。

8. We don’t believe _______ _______ ______ _______ _______ ______.

我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。

9. Nobody knows _______ _______ _______ _______.

没有人知道他来自哪里

10. I couldn’t understand _______ _______ _______ _______.

我不能理解为什么被拒绝了。

11. _______ _______ _______ _______ all the museums will be reopened soon.

据宣布所有的博物馆将在不久重新开放

12. He insisted that he _______ in good health and _______ _______ _______ to work there.

他坚持认为他身体健康，并且坚持要求被派到那儿去工作

13. _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ should turn off the lights.

无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。

14. It is known to us all _______ _______ _______ _______ _______, there is harm.

众所周知，哪儿有污染，哪儿就有伤害。

15. The problem is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.

问题在于这部电影是否值得一看。

Keys:

1． 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：

1. Who will write the poem是主语从句， who 在从句中充当主语

2. what the meeting is for 是宾语从句， what 在从句中充当for的宾语

3. that he had gone abroad. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分

4. What surprised us 是主语从句， what 在从句中充当主语

that he lost in the game. 是表语从句，that 不充当任何成分

5. Whatever he did是主语从句， whatever 在从句中充当宾语

6. What he left us是主语从句，what 在从句中充当宾语

7. that he was dead. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分

8. why you don’t like school是宾语从句， why在从句中充当原因状语

9. that she might not approve of the plan. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

10. Whoever comes是主语从句， whoever 在从句中充当主语

11. whether he ought to laugh or cry. 是形容词sure 的宾语从句， whether不充当任何成分

12. where you left it. 是表语从句，where在从句中充当地点状语

13. that you would stay with us. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分

14. that you will enjoy your stay here. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分

15. When he will be back是主语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语

16. that this is true是形容词certain 的宾语从句， that不充当任何成分

17 that she would never come back. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

18. Where we live 是主语从句, where在从句中充当地点状语

19. that you were telling the truth是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

20. why he turned me down是表语从句，why在从句中充当原因状语

21. that I have to get up so early. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分

22. that he didn’t work hard. 表语从句，that 不充当任何成分

23. what it was ten years ago. 表语从句，what 在从句中充当表语

24. where you are wrong. 是表语从句, where在从句中充当地点状语

25. when people speak with their mouth full. 是宾语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语

26. what makes him an excellent conductor. 是表语从句, what 在从句中充当主语

27. that she must act at once 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

28. that he had done me a favor. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分

29. how well we can cooperate with one another是宾语从句，how在从句中充当程度状语

30. why he suddenly disappeared是同位语从句，why在从句中充当原因状语

改错

1. that -- whether 2. All what-- all that

3. What--That 4. how excited they were

5. That -- Whether 6. what -- that

7. Whom -- Who 8. depends

9. will the house---the house will 10.If -- Whether

11. what -- why 12.that -- where

13. thought + it 14.which -- that

15. who that gentleman is 16.Who -- Whoever

17. that -- what 18.why后加 what

19. what -- where 20.who it is

21. whether -- that 22.no matter who -- whatever

23. see to + it that 24.that – who; which

25. it -- what

根据汉语用英语完成句子

1. That he stole a bike 2. what you do what you say

3. Where and when he was born 4. what he has done

5. that she not be sent to 6. whether you have money or not

7. it clear that 8. that he will win the game

9. where he is from 10. why I was refused

11. It is announced that 12. was…should be sent

13. Whoever leaves the room last 14.that where there is pollution

15. whether the film is worth seeing

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

六.

T/F practice

1. He will come back surprises all of us.

That he will come back surprises all of us.

2. That he really means is what he doesn’t agree with us.

What he really means is that he doesn’t agree with us.

3. The news which our team had won pleased everyone.

The news that our team had won pleased everyone.

4. The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.

The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.

5. It is unknown that where we will have the meeting.

It is unknown where we will have the meeting.

6. The problem is when will he come back.

The problem is when he will come back.

7. Could you tell me which was the way to the Science Museum?

Could you tell me which is the way to the Science Museum?

8. If he is an engineer is unknown.

Whether he is an engineer is unknown.

9. I have been worrying about if I have hurt her feelings.

I have been worrying about whether I have hurt her feelings.

10.What he needs are enough time and what I need is enough books.

What he needs is enough time and what I need are enough books.

11.No matter who comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.

Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.

12.I’ll make known to all that you were not honest.

I’ll make it known to all that you were not honest.

13.He is said that he has gone to America.

It is said that he has gone to America.

14.My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart.

My suggestion is that we should learn more words by heart.

15.Why we decided to put off the meeting is because we had some difficulty in preparing it.

Why we decided to put off the meeting is that we had some difficulty in preparing it.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

总结:名词性从句一向是NMET中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出NMET名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面:

考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别

考例: _______ we can"t get seems better than _______ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语

考例1: _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

考例2: I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. this D. them

考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序

考例:The photographs will show you _______ .

A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别

考例1: _______ we"ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

考例2: What the doctors really doubt is_____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when B. how C. whether D. why

考例3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.

A. while B. that C. if D. for

考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别

考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题

考例:It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.

A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

名词性从句专项练习

单项选择:

1. The way he did it was different we were used to . ( 05 江西 )

A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which

2. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. ( 05 湖南 )

A. what B. that C. how D. which

3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action. ( 06 湖南 )

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

4. We haven"t settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 06江苏 ）

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

5. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06辽宁 ）

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

6. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning. （ 06全国I ）

A. when B. which C. where D. what

7. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. （ 06全国I ）

A. where B. when C. how D. what

8. --- What did your parents think about your decision?

--- They always let me do _______ I think I should. （ 06全国III ）

A. when B. that C. how D. what

9. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals. （ 06山东 ）

A. as B. that C. what D. which

10. I just wonder __________ that makes him so excited. （ 06山东 ）

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

11. One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. （ 06上海 ）

A. how B. why C. that D. when

12. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ________ his teammates had done. （ 06上海 ）

A. what B. which C. why D. while

13. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.

--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, __________ we got lost on a rainy

night. （ 06四川 ）

A. which B. that C. what D. when

14. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

（ 06天津 ）

A. that B. which C. until D. if

15. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （ 06重庆 ）

A. why B. that C. where D. because

16. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________. （ 06上海春季 ）

A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost

17. Doris" success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （ 06上海春季 ）

A. which B. that C. when D. why

18. --- Could you do me a favor?

--- It depends on it is.

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

19. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

20.. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

21. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. （江苏）

A. what B. why C. how D. whether

22. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （20陕西）

A. That B. Which C. What D. As

23．--------------worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. （年山东）

A．This B．That C．What D．It

64. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is . （2007年天津）A. what B. which C. how D. where

25. You can only be sure of __you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. . （2007年安徽） A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that

26.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.

A. how B. what C. which D. when（2007年福建）

27 ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. （2007年国2）

A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which

28. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. （2007年上海）

A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where

29. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （2007年上海）

A. when B. why C. whether D. that

30. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. （2007年浙江）

A. where B. what C. when D. why

31. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea_____ the party is to be held? (陕西卷)

A. what B. which C. that D. where

32. People in Chongqing are proud of _____they have achieved in the past ten years. （2008重庆）

A. that B. which C. what D. how

33. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. （2008天津卷）

A. where B. how C. when D. why

34. ______was most important to her. she told me, was her family.（2008山东）

A. It B. This C. What D. As

35. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (2008湖南卷)

A. what B. why C. whom D. which

36. The companies are working together to create______

they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （2008北京卷）

A. which B. that C. what D. who

37. The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterday’s newspaper. (2008上海春招)

A. which B. whether C. what D. that

38. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春招)

A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That

39. _____is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建）

A. It B. What C. As D. Which

40. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ____ he will do or think. (上海卷)

A. what B. which C. whom D. that

41. It has been proved _____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (20上海卷)

A. if B. because C. when D. that

参考答案：1 ------ 5 CABCA 6 ------ 10 DBDCD 11 ----- 15 CABAB

16 ------ 20 CBCCB 21-------25 ACDAB 26 ----- 30 BABDA

31-------35 DCCCA 36 ----- 41 CDABAD

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

二、名词性从句典型错误

1. That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.

2. He will give up his job surprises all of us.

3. No matter who breaks the law will be punished.

4. If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.

5. That worried her a bit was that he couldn’t get in touch with her friend.

6. He is said he has gone to America.

7. She was praised for what had she done.

8. He wants to know I still study English.

9. The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.

10.I have no doubt if we shall be able to do something for you.

三、翻译下列句子，使用适当的名词性从句

1.我们还不能确定他是否能够成功.

2.真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点.

3.我们听到了我们队获胜这个好消息.

4.我对他告诉我的这个消息很感兴趣.

5.那就是你错的地方。

参考答案

改错：1. That-What 2. 加That 3.No matter who-whoever/Anyone who 4. If-Whether

5. That-What 6. He-It 7. had she-she had 8. know 后加whether/if 9. because-that

10. if-whether

翻译:

1. we are not sure whether/if he will succeed.

2. It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcoming.

3. We heard the news that our team had won.

4. I’m interested in the news that he told me.

5. That’s where you are wrong.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

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